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The Soyombo symbol (Mongolian: Соёмбо, from Sanskrit: svayambhu) is a special character in the Soyombo alphabet invented by Zanabazar in 1686. The name "Soyombo" is derived from Sanskrit svayambhu "self-created". It serves as a national symbol of Mongolia, to be found on the Flag of Mongolia, the Emblem of Mongolia, and on many other official documents.
In the Soyombo alphabet, the two variations of the Soyombo symbol are used to mark the start and end of a text. It is thought to be possible that the symbol itself may predate the script.
The Soyombo has ten elements in the columnar arrangement of abstract and geometric symbols and patterns. They are fire, sun, moon, two triangles, two horizontal rectangles, the Taijitu (yin and yang) and two vertical rectangles. The elements in the symbol are given the following significance (from top):
- Fire is a general symbol of eternal growth, wealth, and success. The three tongues of the flame represent the past, present, and future.
- Sun and moon symbolises the existence of the Mongolian nation for eternity as the eternal blue sky. Mongolian symbol of the sun, moon and fire derived from the Xiongnu.
- The two triangles allude to the point of an arrow or spear. They point downward to announce the defeat of interior and exterior enemies.
- The two horizontal rectangles give stability to the round shape. The rectangular shape represents the honesty and justice of the people of Mongolia, whether they stand at the top or at the bottom of society.
- The Taijitu symbol illustrates the mutual complement of man and woman. It is interpreted as two fishes, symbolising vigilance, because fish never close their eyes.
- The two vertical rectangles can be interpreted as the walls of a fort. They represent unity and strength, relating to a Mongolian proverb: "The friendship of two is stronger than stone walls".
On coinage, the symbol is displayed by itself on circulating Mongolian coins, or as part of the logo of Mongolbank (Bank of Mongolia) on other coins.
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