England / King Henry VII

Henry VII (Welsh: Harri Tudur) was King of England after seizing the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death, the first monarch of the House of Tudor. He ruled the Principality of Wales until 29 November 1489 and was Lord of Ireland.

Henry won the throne when his forces defeated King Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field, the culmination of the Wars of the Roses. Henry was the last king of England to win his throne on the field of battle. He cemented his claim by marrying Elizabeth of York, daughter of Edward IV and niece of Richard III. Henry was successful in restoring the power and stability of the English monarchy after the civil war, and after a reign of nearly 24 years, he was peacefully succeeded by his son, Henry VIII.

Henry can also be credited with a number of commendable administrative, economic and diplomatic initiatives, though the latter part of his reign was characterised by financial greed stretching the bounds of legality.

Perhaps most impactful to posterity was his establishment of the Pound Avoirdupois as a weights and measures standard - with several adjustments this became part of the Imperial System and today's International pound units.

The Royal style of King Henry VII was "Rex Angliae et Franciae et Dominus Hiberniae" (King of England and of France and Lord of Ireland).