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The Guinea is a coin minted in England, Great Britain and the United Kingdom between 1663 and 1814, which contains approximately one-quarter of an ounce of gold. Its name comes from the Guinea region in West Africa, from where much of the gold used to make the coins was sourced. It is the first English machine-struck gold coin, originally representing a value of 20 shillings in sterling specie, equal to one pound, but rises in the price of gold relative to silver caused the value of the guinea to increase later, at times to as high as thirty shillings. From 1717 to 1816, its value was officially fixed at twenty-one shillings. The designs of the coins, as was typical of the period, are generally exactly the same as those of other denominations and, given that their values are not inscribed on the coins, the inscriptions are the same too. Thus, coins issued at the same time look virtually the same and the different denominations can only be distinguished by their composition and size. The composition of the guinea is "crown gold": a 22 karat (kt) gold alloy first used in the crown coin introduced in England in 1526 The Guinea denominations were demonetised with the recoinage of 1816. Both sides of the coins of King Charles II were designed by John Roettiers. | ||||||||||||
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Variety | With elephant and castle | |
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Mintage | Issued: unknown | |
Details | A small elephant carrying a "howdah" (castle) below the portrait of the king; this was the emblem of the Royal African Company (RAC), which had been granted a monopoly on English trade with Africa in slaves, gold and other goods, from 1672 until 1698, and signifies that the gold for that particular coin was imported by the company. |
Royal Mint |
Country | England |
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Currency | Pound Sterling (England) |
Coin Type | Guinea (8.385 - 8.53 g gold) |
Issued | 1684 |
Monarch | King Charles II |
Effigy | King Charles II - Fourth Laureate Bust |
Reverse | Cruciform Shields England / Scotland / France / Ireland |
Face Value | 20 (x Shilling) |
Mintage | unknown |
Current | No; demonetised 1816 |
Material | 0.9167 Gold |
Designer | John Roettiers |
Technology | Milled (machine-made) |
Shape | Round |
Orientation | Coin Alignment (Axis 6) |
Size | 25.0000 mm |
Mass | 8.3850 g |
OCC ID | YRVP-OVRC-MQJG-ODQG |
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Source | Reference ID |
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Spink, Coins of England and the United Kingdom | 3344, 3345 (with elephant) |
Friedberg, Gold Coins of the World | Great Britain Fr. 287, 289 (with elephant) |
Krause, Standard Catalog of World Coins | Great Britain KM# 440.1, 440.2 (with elephant) |